Findings from a new study indicate a potential association between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and the later development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, further prospective studies and mechanistic research are needed to confirm this relationship and clarify the biological pathways involved.Whether respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) or serves as an early warning indicator of type 2 diabetes mellitus risk remains unclear. The study utilized TriNetX US Collaborative Database between January 1, 2022, and March 31, 2024. Patients with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis, antidiabetic medication use, or HbA1c ≥ 6.5 were excluded. Respiratory syncytial virus infection was designated as the index event with propensity score matching. The risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for two periods: 2010–2015 and 2016–2019, and across different databases.Results: A total of 3,052,016 patients, including 15,205 with respiratory syncytial virus (mean age, 51.1 years; 59.9% female) and 3,036,811 without respiratory syncytial virus (mean age, 46.9 years; 53.4% female). type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence was 5.69% in the respiratory syncytial virus group vs 2.48% in controls, HR 2.684 [95% CI: 2.378–3.030], E-value 4.81. Risk was significantly increased from infection to 3 and 6 months (HR 3 months: 2.697 [95% CI: 2.332–3.119]; HR 6 months: 2.271 [95% CI: 1.911–2.699]). All sensitivity analyses consistently showed a positive trend. The findings suggest an association between respiratory syncytial virus infection and subsequent type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prospective studies and mechanistic investigations are warranted to validate these observations and elucidate the underlying pathways.Reference:Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus after respiratory syncytial viral infection: A retrospective cohort study using US database. Chen, Sunny Ssu-Yu et al. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, Volume 0, Issue 0, 113123Keywords:RSV, Infection, linked, risk, development, Type 2 Diabetes, suggests, study, Respiratory syncytial virus, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Cohort study, Epidemiology, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, Chen, Sunny Ssu-Yu